Is that an owl hooting? Or a car?
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Researchers are looking for volunteers to help map five native Australian owl species, by listening to short recordings made in the bush.
The results will provide important information about the range and numbers of these beloved birds of prey.
They will also help researchers develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems to use in a new field of science known as eco-acoustics.
The project is called Hoot Detective, and is produced by ABC Science in collaboration with the Australian Acoustic Observatory (A2O) for National Science Week. It is now online at www.hootdetective.net.au and will run until the end of August.
The idea is to hunt for powerful, barking, boobook, barn and masked owls.
For more about each species, visit hootdetective.net.au/the-owls.
For the past two years, scientists from the A2O have placed hundreds of autonomous recording devices in 90 sites across forests, grasslands and other ecosystems across every state and territory except the ACT.
Sound snippets that might include noises made by owls have been identified and collated by an artificial intelligence system being built at the observatory.
The result is a trove comprising hours of recordings, divided into 10-second sections.
"It's a fascinating exercise," said ABC presenter Dr Ann Jones. "Simply sit at your computer, call up a recording, and listen out for the owls.
"You hear wild Australia at night - and sometimes it's surprisingly tricky to distinguish, say, a barn owl among noisy insects, chorusing frogs or even wind or cars."
The Hoot Detective team hope that when all the results are collated, they will find insights into owl populations that go beyond simply range and density.
They want to discover, for instance, whether owl calls change, or whether small owls shut up when big owls come to visit.
"This is about using acoustics to understand the natural environment," said Paul Roe, who leads the observatory and is based at Queensland University of Technology.
"We work with a lot of ecologists. We're interested in any animal that makes noise, but in this case, we're focused on owls."
Professor Roe said the ornithological information uncovered by the Hoot Detectives will be very useful.
"The ecologists will love it," he said. "And so will we computer scientists. It will help us to improve the accuracy of the AI we're developing.
"Up until now, most AI research around the world has concentrated on either image or human speech recognition - using it to interpret the natural world is still in its early stages."
Eco-acoustics, he added, is a field that will produce huge amounts of data that can be used to inform long-term strategies for land management and conservation.
